OpenLayers加载KML数据

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注:当前使用的是 ol 5.3.0 版本,天地图使用的key请到天地图官网申请,并替换为自己的key

随着GIS应用的不断发展,Web地图也越来越丰富,除了像ESRI、超图、中地数码这样GIS厂商有各自的数据源格式,也有Google、百度、高德、腾讯提供的GIS资源,如何加载各种GIS数据源,是WebGIS开发要解决的一个关键问题。

本节主要介绍加载KML数据。

1. 什么是KML

KML是一种用于在浏览器中交换、显示空间数据的文件格式。KML遵循XML规范,用于描述和保存地理信息数据,现由开放地理信息联盟(OGC)维护

2. 如何加载KML数据

在页面上添加一个按钮,在该按钮上触发加载数据事件。首先由KML format类转换为feature数据,通过VectorSource类创建矢量数据源,然后通过VectorLayer创建矢量图层,并将其添加到地图中。

// 读取数据源
const features = (new ol.format.KML()).readFeatures(data, {
    featureProjection: projection
})

// 创建矢量数据源
const vectorSource = new ol.source.Vector({
    features: features
})

// 创建矢量图层
vectorLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
    source: vectorSource,
    // 设置样式
    style: styleFunction
})
map.addLayer(vectorLayer)

3. 完整代码

其中libs文件夹下的包需要更换为自己下载的本地包或者引用在线资源。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>

<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    <title>加载KML数据</title>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <script src="../libs/js/ol-5.3.3.js"></script>
    <script src="../libs/js/jquery-2.1.1.min.js"></script>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="../libs/css//ol.css">
    <style>
        * {
            padding: 0;
            margin: 0;
            font-size: 14px;
            font-family: '微软雅黑';
        }

        html,
        body {
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }

        #map {
            position: absolute;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }

        .ol-mouse-position {
            padding: 5px;
            top: 10px;
            height: 40px;
            line-height: 40px;
            background: #060505ba;
            text-align: center;
            color: #fff;
            border-radius: 5px;
        }

        .load-div {
            position: relative;
            margin: 0 auto;
            top: 50px;
            width: 100px;
            background-color: #060505ba;
            text-align: center;
            padding: 5px 10px;
            color: #ddd;
            border-radius: 2.5px;
            filter: brightness(0.95);
        }

        .load-div:hover {
            cursor: pointer;
            /* font-size: 16px; */
            transition: font-size .2s;
            fill-opacity: 0.8;
            filter: brightness(1);
            color: #fff;
        }

        .load-btn {
            border: none;
            background: none;

        }
    </style>
</head>

<body>
    <div id="map" title="地图显示"></div>
    <div class="load-div" onclick="loadKML()">
        <span>加载KML</span>
    </div>
</body>

</html>

<script>
    //数据类型
    var ajaxDataType;
    //地图投影坐标系
    var projection = ol.proj.get('EPSG:3857');
    //==============================================================================//
    //============================天地图服务参数简单介绍============================//
    //================================vec:矢量图层=================================//
    //================================img:影像图层=================================//
    //================================cva:注记图层=================================//
    //======================其中:_c表示经纬度投影,_w表示球面墨卡托投影============//
    //==============================================================================//
    const TDTImgLayer = new ol.layer.Tile({
        title: "天地图影像图层",
        source: new ol.source.XYZ({
            url: "http://t0.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=img_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=2a890fe711a79cafebca446a5447cfb2",
            attibutions: "天地图注记描述",
            crossOrigin: "anoymous",
            wrapX: false
        })
    })
    const TDTImgCvaLayer = new ol.layer.Tile({
        title: "天地图影像注记图层",
        source: new ol.source.XYZ({
            url: "http://t0.tianditu.com/DataServer?T=cia_w&x={x}&y={y}&l={z}&tk=2a890fe711a79cafebca446a5447cfb2",
            attibutions: "天地图注记描述",
            crossOrigin: "anoymous",
            wrapX: false
        })
    })
    const map = new ol.Map({
        target: "map",
        loadTilesWhileInteracting: true,
        view: new ol.View({
            center: [11444274, 12707441],
            zoom: 5,
            worldsWrap: true,
            minZoom: 1,
            maxZoom: 20,
            projection: projection
        }),
        // 鼠标控件:鼠标在地图上移动时显示坐标信息。
        controls: ol.control.defaults().extend([
            // 加载鼠标控件
            new ol.control.MousePosition()
        ])
    })

    map.addLayer(TDTImgLayer)
    map.addLayer(TDTImgCvaLayer)

    /**
      * 矢量地图样式
      */
    const image = new ol.style.Circle({
        radius: 5,
        fill: null,
        stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
            color: "red",
            width: 1
        })
    })
    const styles = {
        "Point": [
            new ol.style.Style({
                image: image // 点样式
            })
        ],
        'LineString': [
            new ol.style.Style({
                stroke: new ol.style.Style({
                    color: "green",
                    width: 1
                })
            })
        ],
        "MultiLineString": [
            new ol.style.Style({
                stroke: new ol.style.Style({
                    color: "green",
                    width: 1
                })
            })
        ],
        "MultiPoint": [
            new ol.style.Style({
                image: image // 点样式
            })
        ],
        "MultiPolygon": [
            new ol.style.Style({
                stroke: new ol.style.Style({
                    color: "yellow",
                    width: 1
                }),
                fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                    color: 'rgba(255,255,0,0.1)'
                })
            })
        ],
        "Polygon": [
            new ol.style.Style({
                stroke: new ol.style.Style({
                    color: "yellow",
                    width: 1
                }),
                fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                    color: 'rgba(255,255,0,0.1)'
                })
            })
        ],
        "GeometryCollection": [
            new ol.style.Style({
                stroke: new ol.style.Style({
                    color: "mageneta",
                    width: 1
                }),
                fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                    color: 'mageneta'
                }),
                image: new ol.style.Circle({
                    radius: 10,
                    fill: null,
                    stroke: new ol.style.Stroke({
                        color: "mageneta",
                        width: 1
                    })
                })
            })
        ],
        "Circle": [
            new ol.style.Style({
                stroke: new ol.style.Style({
                    color: "red",
                    width: 1
                }),
                fill: new ol.style.Fill({
                    color: 'rgba(255,0,0,0.2)'
                })

            })
        ]
    }
    const styleFunction = (feature, resolution) => styles[feature.getGeometry().getType()]

    let data = null
    const response = fetch("../data/kml/2012-02-10.kml")
    
  
    response.then(res => res.text())
        .then(dd => {
            console.log("dd:", dd);
            data = dd
            loadKML()
        })
    let vectorLayer = null
    function loadKML() {
        // 移除已有图层
        if (vectorLayer != null || vectorLayer != 'undefined') {
            map.removeLayer(vectorLayer)
        }
        // ol.format.GeoJSON解析数据源
        console.log("data:", data)
        const features = (new ol.format.KML()).readFeatures(data, {
            featureProjection: projection
        })
        const vectorSource = new ol.source.Vector({
            features: features
        })
        //  const getCenter = ol.extent.getCenter()
        // console.log("geom:", ol.extent.getCenter(features[0].getGeometry().getExtent()))
        vectorLayer = new ol.layer.Vector({
            source: vectorSource,
            // 设置样式
            //style: styleFunction
        })
        console.log(vectorLayer)
        map.addLayer(vectorLayer)

        var view = map.getView();
        // 移动到矢量图层
        // view.setCenter([12536865.056410152, 3635008.742201894]);
    }
</script>

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